Should illicit drugs be legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should illicit drugs be legalized - Essay Example When one first hears that question, the mind immediately jumps to little packets of drugs like heroin and cocaine stacked on supermarket shelves where at most one would have to present id and thereby be in possession of them. However that might not exactly be the scenario the question itself is aiming at. No doubt drugs like heroin and cocaine should not be legalized. That is a matter so obvious that it is likely not to be the matter under debate and discussion anyway. The gray area arises when many of those illicit drugs are illustrated to have great medicinal benefit and seem no more capable of harm that cigarettes or alcohol. To answer the question, one must first explain what illicit drugs mean and how they may be further divided. Illicit drugs are any drugs that are illegal to trade, grow or possess. The word 'drugs', as mentioned, immediately gives rise to a negative stimulus in even the most educated of minds. But drugs do not necessarily have to be negative substances, or sub stances that harm a person. Medicines are also drugs, and many medicines also have the potential of being abusive substances, when administered incorrectly. Why then are they never sought to be made illegal? The answer to that is simple: because their benefits far outweigh any possible side effects that they may have. Certain illicit drugs such as Marijuana have been medically proven to have positive medicinal effects on patients suffering from diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis or even AIDS. Granted, it is more popular as a recreational drug than a medicinal one, but perhaps the question should be over how to reduce the recreational appeal and enhance it more medicinally, and the laws against it should be not on the basis of sale or possession, but rather on stricter guidelines for its distribution. To say that all illicit drugs should be legalized is wrong, but to say that none of them should be is equally wrong. Drugs that are capable of being beneficial if correctly use d, such as the aforementioned marijuana should be further studied so that their harmful effects can be minimized and they should then be sold as medicines, but under the supervision of a doctor and only in the possession of a prescription. Antidepressants and relaxants are one of the most popularly used substances for abuse, yet they continue to be sold in pharmacies across the world, in likely every city of the world. Even cough syrup and laxatives have been recorded as abuse substances. Humans are capable of extracting negative benefit from almost any kind of substance or object imaginable. To make the substance illegal is counter-productive, as humans are also capable of find ways around the restrictions imposed upon them. Furthermore, it makes no sense to have substances like cigarettes and alcohol, which are shown to have almost no medicinal or health benefits at all, are freely sold, served and used, but others such as the aforementioned marijuana are not. Indeed, the reason t he latter is used might perhaps be the only reason the former are used: mental relaxation. Adults that consume alcohol or some generally do it to achieve a certain sense of calm or relaxation. When marijuana aims to serve the same purpose, why is the matter considered taboo? Those that argue over its being multiply more harmful do not consider how certain forms of tobacco, such as cigars, might be even more harmful than marijuana, yet they too are freely and legally sold. Perhaps the main fear over legalization of these drugs is that they tend to appeal to the younger generation, who unlike the adults that consume alcohol or smoke, might not be able to control their dependence on

British and Iraq, history :: essays research papers

The "Sovereign" Iraqi Monarchy and British Colonialism In 1932, the League of Nations admitted Iraq as a sovereign state fully aware that British influence continued in Iraqi political, economic and military areas through a new 25-year treaty. Britain's aim was for indirect control of Iraq through advisors, military bases and access to Iraq's tax collections. In this way, it avoided the high cost of large troop deployment on foreign soil. Yet, the fiction of indirect control failed to convince Iraqis. As boundaries became fixed for this new nation, internal power struggles flared up between the different religious factions, pitting one ethnic group against another. Further, the new borders resulted in frequent border disputes with Iraq's mainly new neighbors in addition to widespread ethnic and economic dislocation. While trying to strike a balance between nationalist and British influences, King Faisal's Hashemite monarchy struggled to mold a political community under these overwhelming pressures. Rebellion among the ethnic groups was a constant problem, particularly from the Kurds and Assyrians. Although previously bestowing favor on one or the other, Britain now employed the brutal force of the Iraqi military to suppress dissent. These actions forebode future patterns for Iraq where dissent provoked heavy handed military repression. Into this arena came General Bakr Sidqi, an ambitious and powerful Kurdish commander, who had not only military but growing political aspirations. In September 1933, when King Faisal died, Iraq lost the main stabilizing force in Iraqi politics. Despite the challenges to the monarchy's legitimacy, the King alone was able to unite the various political personalities in support of Iraqi nationalism. His 21-year old son, Ghazi, was western educated and knew little of Iraqi tribal society when he became monarch. During his reign, Iraqi politics degenerated into strife between urban elites and tribal sheikhs that further undermined the newly established political institutions and constitution. General Bakr Sidqi led a coup d'etat in 1936, the first military coup that the modern Arab world was to experience. The British did not intervene as their policy of indirect control was yielding results and the coup threatened only the parliament. However, Sidqi was to last only one year. There was yet a second coup in 1937 by other military officers, called "the Circle of Seven", who managed to rule Iraq with King Ghazi as figurehead until 1941. This group dealt with dissent harshly, imposing martial law, press censorship and establishing a detention camp.

Automation Billing System

International School of Informatics & Management Jaipur Project on Supermarket Billing System By Ankita Aggrawal Neha Chaturvedi Devendra Singh Sisodia (Students of MCA IV- Semester, Group No. 20) Under Mr. Vijay Singh Rathore Assistant Professor IIIM Synopsis of Supermarket Billing System Introduction The project is on Supermarket Billing. Supermarket is the place where customers come to purchase their daily using products and pay for that. So there is a need to calculate how many products are sold and to generate the bill for the customer. In our project we have 3 users.First is the data entry operator who will enter the products in database. Second one is the administrator who will decide the taxes and commissions on the products and can see the report of any product. Third one is the bill calculating operator who will calculate the bill and print. Objective â€Å"To make software fast in processing, with good user interface so that user can change it and it should be used for a long time without error and maintenance. † Work Flow Work in the Supermarket will be done in the following way: 1. The product will come in the store. 2.Data entry operator will enter the information of the product in database. 3. The Administrator will enter the taxes and commissions for each product. 4. The customer will come and take the basket with him/her and choose the product and took it to the counter. 5. The bill calculating operator will check the products with the bar code detecting machine then it will match with product-id then it will show its information and price and the bill will be calculated and total payment will shown. 6. Customer will pay for the products. 7. All the products will be packed and delivered to the customer.Modules We will use 5 modules in this project. These are as follows: Module 1: Login–Id This module is made for the login of users. We know that we have 3 users so login-id is for: 1. Administrator 2. Data Entry Operator 3. Bill Cal culating Operator Module 2: Apply taxes and commissions This module is for administrator who will 1. Set the taxes for the products. 2. Set the commissions for the products. Module 3: Check the Report This module is also for the administrator who can generate or check the report of the product and how many products are sold on particular date or in a period of time.Module 4: Enter the information about products This module is for data entry operator who will 1. Enter which products come in the store. 2. Prices and expiry date of the product. Module-5: Calculate the bill This module is for bill calculating operator who will 1. Calculate the bill. 2. Print it. Scope Our project has a big scope to do. We can: 1. Calculate the bill. 2. Give the bill to the customer. 3. Store how many products are sold. 4. Store products and their prices and with other information. 5. Set the rates of taxes and commission on the products. 6. Can see the report of the product in a fix period of time. 7.Ch ange the Graphical User Interface of the system. We can’t: 1. Calculate of the salaries of the employees. 2. Calculate the expanses on the product. Database Database is used to store data on the computer and fast retrieval of the data so we use Oracle 8i. We will make database by entering values in different tables like tables for the login-id, products in the store, etc. Programming Languages We will use following languages for the coding: Front End: Visual Basic 6 Back End: Microsoft Access SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION Description of the Existing System Many Supermarkets use this type of billing system for a decade.It is also improved many times according to requirements of sellers and customers. It does the same work that is calculating the bill, gives it to the customer and maintain proper database. They are accurate in calculation and printing, they also generate records. A new concept is also added in the billing system is that they also maintain relationships wi th the customers who purchase more products from the store regularly. System also concerns their requirements and gives them more commission. It also shows the overall profit and profit on a particular product and give repots which items are required and which have cross their expiry date.Bottlenecks of the Existing System Every system has pros and cons so existing system also have many advantages and disadvantages. So the bottlenecks of the existing system are as follows: 1. User Interface: User Interface is not so much good that operators feel some problems in working. 2. Graphical User Interface: GUI is not good so the operators get bored by watching screen. 3. Processing speed: Processing speed of the software is not so much good to operate fast. 4. Flexible: Existing system is not so much flexible that can be changed according to the operators and customers. 5.Automatic generation of the Reports: Not able to automatically generate the reports and documents. 6. Workload: Sometim es the system hangs when workload is more. 7. Error Free: Sometimes the system gives error in the calculation in making the bill and in the information of the products due to workload. 8. Man Power: Existing system uses so many people to operate the system. 9. Resources: System does not use the resources properly. Advantages of the Proposed System To reduce the bottlenecks of the existing system there is a need to develop a new system. The new system should concern the requirements of the customer and the sellers.It has the following qualities: 1. Reduction in processing cost. 2. Error reduction. 3. Automatic posting. 4. Improve reporting. 5. Automatic production of the documents and Reports. 6. Faster response time. 7. Ability to meet user requirements. 8. Flexibility. 9. Reduced dependency. 10. Improves resource uses. 11. Reduction in use of the paper. 12. Reduction in Man Power. Proposed system has these qualities including the qualities of the existing system. Feasibility Study â€Å"Feasibility Study† is a test of the system according to its workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of the resources.We can test our system by different type of the feasibilities. There are 5 types of the feasibilities which are discussed here. These are as follows: 1. Technical Feasibility: A study of resources availability that may affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system. This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available or not. This system can be made in any language that support good user interface and easy database handling. Technical needs may include: Front-End Selection: Front-End means a language that is used for user interface designing and coding.Front-End should have following qualities: It must have a graphical user interface that assist employees that are not from some IT background. Scalability and Extensibility Robustness According to the organization req uirements and culture. Must provide excellent reporting features with good printing support. Platform independent. Easy to deploy and maintain. Event driven programming. Front-End must support some popular Back-End like MS Access, SQL Server and Oracle. According to the above stated features we selected Visual C#. Net as Front –End for developing our project. Visual C#. Net is used in Microsoft Visual Studio. Net 2003.Back-End Selection: Back-End means a language that is used for database management. Back-End should have following qualities: Multiple user support. Provide inherent feature for security. Efficient data retrieval and maintenance. Stored procedures. Popularity. Operating System compatible. Easy to install. Various drivers must be available. Efficient data handling. Easy to implement with Front-End. According to the above stated features we selected Oracle as Back–End for developing our project. We will use Oracle 8i specifically because it has more feature features then other later versions and it is easy to make and maintain database.It is also easy to implement Oracle 8i with Visual C#. Net in Microsoft Visual Studio. Net 2003. 2. Economical Feasibility: In this we consider following costs: 1. The cost to conduct a full system investigation. 2. The cost of hardware and software for class of application being considered. 3. The benefit in the form of the reduced cost. Our system has a lot of features at a minimum cost so it is feasible to implement and it will be very much beneficial to the sellers in the reduced cost. It’s software and hardware cost is also low then the existing system. 3. Operational Feasibility: In this feasibility we consider following points: 1.What changes will be brought with the system. 2. What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in due course of time? In the new system we made some major changes for the staff members so that they h ave to be trained to use the newly added facilities. These major changes are possible and give a new era in the Supermarket in production and sales management. 4. Schedule Feasibility: Time evaluation is most important consideration in development of the project. So the project is concerned should be completed with fixed in scheduled time as far as company is concerned.New system is not so much big so it is easy to make in few days. 5. Behavioral Feasibility: People are inherently resisted to change and a computer means â€Å"change is the only certainty†. An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff in going to have towards development of new system. Thus special efforts can be made to educate and train the staff. SCREEN SHOTS Project on Supermarket Billing System Coding Private Sub Command1_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Image1_Click() End Sub Private Sub Label3_Click() End Sub Change Password CodingDim db As Database Dim rs As Recordset Dim sty le As VbMsgBoxStyle Dim result As VbMsgBoxResult Private Sub Command1_Click() If Text1. Text = rs! Password Then rs. Edit rs! Password = Text2. Text rs. Update Beep result = MsgBox(â€Å"Password Suuccessfully Changed. â€Å", style, â€Å"Supermarket Billing 1. 0†) Unload Me Else result = MsgBox(â€Å"Incorrect Password. â€Å", style, â€Å"Supermarket Billing 1. 0†) Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text1. SetFocus End If End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"password. mdb†) Set rs = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) End Sub Employee Pay slipCoding Dim a As String Dim rs As Recordset Dim rs1 As Recordset Dim rs2 As Recordset Dim db As Database Dim db1 As Database Private Sub Combo1_Click() Set rs = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select * from Table1†) rs. MoveFirst Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"â⠂¬  Text4. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† While Not rs. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs! Name Then Text1. Text = rs! designation Text2. Text = rs! salary End If rs. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() MDIForm1. Enabled = True Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() rs1. AddNew rs1! Name = Combo1. Text rs1! designation = Text1. Text rs1! salary = Text2.Text rs1! leaves = Text3. Text rs1! ot = Text4. Text rs1! deductions = Text5. Text rs1! netsalary = Text6. Text rs1! Date = Label9. Caption rs1! Time = Label8. Caption rs1. Update Beep Beep rs2. AddNew rs2! Name = Combo1. Text rs2! designation = Text1. Text rs2! salary = Text2. Text rs2! leaves = Text3. Text rs2! ot = Text4. Text rs2! deductions = Text5. Text rs2! netsalary = Text6. Text rs2! Date = Label9. Caption rs2! Time = Label8. Caption rs2. Update CrystalReport1. Action = False End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Dim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim ot As Integer Dim net As Integer Dim ded A s Integer a = Val(Text3.Text) b = Val(Text4. Text) ded = a * 10 Text5. Text = ded ot = b * 5 Set rs = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select * from Table1†) rs. MoveFirst While Not rs. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs! Name Then net = Val(rs! salary) + ot – ded End If rs. MoveNext Wend Text6. Text = net Command2. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Command2. Enabled = False Command3. Enabled = False Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"emp. mdb†) Set rs = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select name from Table1†) rs. MoveFirst While Not rs. EOF Combo1. AddItem rs! Name rs. MoveNext Wend Label9. Caption = Date Set db1 = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"payslip. mdb†) Set rs1 = db1.OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) Set rs2 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table2†) db1. Execute (â€Å"delete * from Table1†) End Sub Private Sub Label9_Click() End Sub Private Sub Text4_Click() Command3. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() Label8. Caption = Ti me End Sub View Employee’s Detail Coding Private Sub Command1_Click() Text3. SetFocus Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text4. Text = â€Å"† rs. MoveFirst End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() While Not rs. EOF If rs! code = Text3. Text Then Text3. Text = rs! code Text1. Text = rs! Name Text2. Text = rs! ddress Text5. Text = rs! designation Text4. Text = rs! salary End If rs. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"emp. mdb†) Set rs = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) ‘Text1. SetFocus End Sub Private Sub Text3_Change() End Sub Save Employee’s Details Coding Dim i As Integer Private Sub Combo1_Click() Command1. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() rs! code = Text1. Text rs! Name = Text3. Text rs! address = Text2. Text rs! designation = Combo1. Text rs! salar y = Text4. Text rs. Update Command1. Enabled = False Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Text3. Text = â€Å"† Text4. Text = â€Å"† ‘Combo1.Text = â€Å"† End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() i=i+1 Text1. Text = i rs. AddNew Text1. Enabled = False Text2. Enabled = True Text3. Enabled = True Text4. Enabled = True Combo1. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Text1. Enabled = False Text2. Enabled = False Text3. Enabled = False Text4. Enabled = False Combo1. Enabled = False Command1. Enabled = False Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Manager â€Å") Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Cashier â€Å") Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Accountant â€Å") Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Sales â€Å") Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Security â€Å") Combo1. AddItem (â€Å"Sweeper â€Å") Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"emp. mdb†) Set rs = db.OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) rs. MoveLast Text1. Text = rs! code i = rs! code End Sub Private Sub Text1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) If KeyAscii = 13 Then Text2. SetFocus End If End Sub Total Stock Coding Dim db As Database Dim rs As Recordset Dim rs1 As Recordset Private Sub Combo1_Click() Set rs1 = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"select * from Table1 â€Å") Text1. Text = â€Å"† rs1. MoveFirst While Not rs1. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs1! itemname Then Text1. Text = Val(rs1! quantity) + Val(Text1. Text) End If rs1. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"save. mdb†) Set rs = db.OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select distinct itemname from Table1 â€Å") rs. MoveFirst While Not rs. EOF Combo1. AddItem rs! itemname rs. MoveNext Wend End Sub Purchase Product Coding Dim style As VbMsgBoxStyle Dim result As VbMsgBoxResult Dim db As Database Dim rs As Recordset Dim db1 As Database Dim db4 As Database Dim db2 As Database Dim rs2 As Recordset Dim rs1 As Recordset Dim rs3 As Recordset Dim rs4 As Recordset Dim rs6 As Recordset Private Sub Combo1_Click() Set rs3 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) rs3. MoveFirst While Not rs3. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs3! dealer Then Combo2. AddItem rs3! product ‘Combo3. AddItem rs3! price ‘Combo4. AddItem rs3!Weight End If rs3. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Combo2_Click() Set rs3 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) rs3. MoveFirst While Not rs3. EOF If Combo2. Text = rs3! product Then Combo3. AddItem rs3! price Combo4. AddItem rs3! Weight End If rs3. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Command1_Click() On Error Resume Next rs. AddNew rs! dealername = Combo1. Text rs! itemname = Combo2. Text rs! price = Combo3. Text rs! quantity = Text3. Text rs! amount = Text2. Text rs! date1 = Text1. Text rs! time1 = Text4. Text rs! Weight = Combo4. Text rs. Update result = MsgBox(â€Å"Saved Successfully. â€Å", style, â€Å"Supermarket Billing 1. 0†) Unload Me Load Form7 Form7.Show Form7. Move 0, 0 End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me Load Form7 Form7. Show Form7. Move 0, 0 End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command5_Click() End Sub Private Sub Command6_Click() rs. Delete End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Command1. Enabled = False Text1. Text = Date Set db1 = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"deal1. mdb†) Set rs1 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) Set rs2 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select distinct dealer from Table1 â€Å") Set rs4 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) ‘Set db4 =apppath+ OpenDatabase(â€Å"c:employee ransaction. mdb†) ‘opens record from transaction database Set db2 = OpenDatabase(App.Path + â€Å"save. mdb†) Set rs = db2. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) ‘saves the purchased data to updated data rs2. MoveFirst While Not rs2. EOF Combo1. AddItem rs2! dealer rs2. MoveNext Wend End Sub Private Sub Text1_Change() End Sub Private Sub Text2_Change() Command1. Enab led = True End Sub Private Sub Text3_Change() Text2. Text = Val(Combo3. Text) * Val(Text3. Text) End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer() Text4. Text = Time End Sub Add New Product Coding Dim db1 As Database Dim rs1 As Recordset Dim rs2 As Recordset Dim i As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() rs1! code = Text1. Text rs1! dealer = Combo1. Text rs1! product = Text5.Text rs1! price = Text6. Text rs1! Weight = Text2. Text rs1. Update Command1. Enabled = False Command3. Enabled = True Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text6. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Combo1. Clear End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() i=i+1 Text1. Text = i rs1. AddNew Text1. Enabled = False Combo1. Enabled = True Text5. Enabled = True Text6. Enabled = True Text2. Enabled = True Command1. Enabled = True End Sub Private Sub Form_Load() Command3. Enabled = True Command1. Enabled = False Text1. Enabled = False ‘saving the current records Set db1 = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"deal1. db†) Set rs1 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) ‘calling the dealer name field from other database Set db = OpenDatabase(App. Path + â€Å"deal. mdb†) Set rs2 = db. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select name from Table1†) rs2. MoveFirst While Not rs2. EOF Combo1. AddItem rs2! Name rs2. MoveNext Wend rs1. MoveLast Text1. Text = rs1! code i = rs1! code End Sub Add a Dealer Coding Dim db1 As Database Dim rs1 As Recordset Dim rs2 As Recordset Dim i As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click() rs1! code = Text1. Text rs1! dealer = Combo1. Text rs1! product = Text5. Text rs1! price = Text6. Text rs1! Weight = Text2. Text rs1. Update Command1. Enabled = False Command3.Enabled = True Text1. Text = â€Å"† Text5. Text = â€Å"† Text6. Text = â€Å"† Text2. Text = â€Å"† Combo1. Clear End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Unload Me End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() i=i+1 Text1. Text = i rs1. AddNew Text1. Enabled = False Combo1. Enabled = True Text5. Enabled = True Text6. Enabled = True Text2. Enabled = True Command1. Enabled = True End Sub View Sold Stock Coding Dim db As Database Dim db1 As Database Dim db2 As Database Dim rs As Recordset Dim rs1 As Recordset Dim rs2 As Recordset Dim rs3 As Recordset Dim rs4 As Recordset Dim style As VbMsgBoxStyle Dim result As VbMsgBoxResult Private Sub Combo1_Click() Set rs1 = db.OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select * from Table1 â€Å") Text2. Text = â€Å"† rs1. MoveFirst While Not rs1. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs1! product Then Text2. Text = Val(rs1! quantity) + Val(Text2. Text) End If rs1. MoveNext Wend Set rs2 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Table1†) Set rs2 = db1. OpenRecordset(â€Å"Select * from Table1 â€Å") Text1. Text = â€Å"† rs2. MoveFirst While Not rs2. EOF If Combo1. Text = rs2! itemname Then Text1. Text = Val(rs2! quantity) + Val(Text1. Text) End If rs2. MoveNext Wend Text3. Text = Val(Text1. Text) â₠¬â€œ Val(Text2. Text) If Val(Text3. Text)

Movie Review of On the Waterfront - 648 Words

Reaction: On the Waterfront (1956) Even before I saw Eli Kazans On the Waterfront, I was familiar with the line of Marlon Brandos: I could have been a contender. I knew, even before watching the film, that Brando played an ex-boxer with broken dreams. I also knew that the film had been made during the McCarthy era, around the time of the red scare. In the film, Brandos character Terry Malloy witnesses a murder, and is encouraged to turn in the perpetrators, even though his union bosses are involved. The film portrays the dockworker Malloys decision to come forward as a heroic one, partially rooted in his love for the dead mans sister Edie. (Edies brother was killed for the same reason as Terry is being persecuted he informed on the union bosses). Knowing the back story of the film, I felt somewhat uncomfortable rooting for Brando to turn in his bosses, given that the film could be read as a defense of turning in people during the McCarthy era. The film portrays unions as made up of villains. Malloy is one of them a u nion member until he becomes so tormented by his conscience he cannot help but come forward. He cannot live with himself unless he speaks. Eventually, because of the public courage of his convictions, the other longshoremen side with Terry. The film is powerful as a story in and of itself, regardless of what the director intended it to symbolize. It can be read as an indictment of corruption and concealment in all industries, as membersShow MoreRelatedMovie Critique of On the Waterfront1605 Words   |  7 PagesOn the Waterfront I. Background/ History: On the Waterfront is a classic, award-winning, controversial film directed by Elia Kazan. This movie is part drama and part gangster film. The film is full of the problems of trade unions, corruption, and racketeering. It is set on New Yorks waterfront docks, where the workers try to keep their low wage jobs, while being bossed around by the mob. To make matters worse, the mob is in charge of the labor unions. The movie has a very realistic feel,Read MoreWith Direct Reference to at Least One Film, How Did Hollywood Address the Paranoid, Hysterical Political Climate of the 50s?1698 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government or subversive elements working in the Hollywood film industry† (Red Scare, 2013). On September 21, 1947, HUAC â€Å"subpoenaed forty-three members of the Hollywood film community to answer charges about communist infiltration in the movie industry† (Friedman, 1984, p. 214). Ten of the Forty-three appeared before HUAC and â€Å"refused to answer the Co mmittees questions about their political affiliations† (Friedman, 1984, p. 214). They became known as the Hollywood Ten and claimed, â€Å"thatRead MoreThe Directing And The Setting2027 Words   |  9 PagesEXAMINE THROUGH SPECIFIC EXAMPLES THE WAYS IN WHICH THE ACTING, THE DIRECTING AND THE SETTING CONTRIBUTE TO THE VISUAL STORYTELLING IN ON THE WATERFRONT (KAZAN, 1954). Thesis: My objective will be to analyze Of a Waterfront (Kazan, 1954) by scenes the use of black and white filter. Opening Section: On the waterfront opens by introducing small corrupt local that are mobsters that run the docks Hoboken, New Jersey, across the river Manhattan. Terry Malloy, is an incomprehensible boxer in his lateRead MoreStrategic Drift2424 Words   |  10 Pagesconvinced that its record library had helped guarantee the success of the Compact Disc, Sony looked to CBS Records to provide the software necessary to ensure the success of its new Digital Audio Tape. In the years that followed Sony acquired expensive movie studios to showcase their impressive arsenal of hardware. As much attention was not paid to the American management team and the lavish spending spree on renovation production, management, and television ballooned. Overheads increased by 50 per centRead MoreStrategic Drift2437 Words   |  10 Pagesconvinced that its record library had helped guarantee the success of the Compact Disc, Sony looked to CBS Records to provide the software necessary to ensure the success of its new Digit al Audio Tape. In the years that followed Sony acquired expensive movie studios to showcase their impressive arsenal of hardware. As much attention was not paid to the American management team and the lavish spending spree on renovation production, management, and television ballooned. Overheads increased by 50 per centRead More Casino Development in Massachusetts Essay5400 Words   |  22 Pagesgetaway, or maybe even go see a concert. Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun have developed into much more than just casinos. There is so much for people to do at casinos. Even young children now are welcome and can enjoy themselves in arcades, play areas, or movie theaters. Instead of having to drive to Atlantic City or even make a voyage to Las Vegas, Massachusetts’s residents can easily take a quick two-hour trip from Boston to Foxwoods or Mohegan Sun. And without a doubt, Massachusetts residents are definitelyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure andRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesreal spectacle— to a much greater extent, as Albert Laffay has noted, than does a novel, a play, or a figurative painting.1* Films release a mechanism of affective and perceptual participation in the spectator (one is almost never totally bored by a movie). They spontaneously appeal to his sense of belief—never, of course, entirely, but more intensely than do the other arts, and occasionally films are, even in the absolute, very convincing. They speak to us with the accents of true evidence, using theRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesinexperienced with the case method, you may need to alter your study habits. A lecture-oriented course may not require you to do intensive preparation for each class period. In such a course, you have the latitude to work through assigned readings and review lecture notes according to your own schedule. However, an assigned case requires signiï ¬ cant and conscientious preparation before class. Without it, you will be unable to contribute I N T R O D U C T I O N : P R E PA R I NG AN E FFE C TIV E C ASERead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesforever. He wound up selling himself to the owners as the man they needed to grow their business. To Get a Piece of the Action This original Starbucks store was and still is located in the Pike Place Market, a major tourist attraction near the waterfront. It and three sister stores had opened around Seattle and offered a major contrast to the 50-cent cups of black liquid that were usually served with gobs of powdered cream and sugar in self-service convenience stores. These Starbucks stores offered

The Democratic Peace Theory - 954 Words

The democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic peace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggested and proved that the democratic peace theory is in fact valid in its claim. Over the years having been refined, developed and amended, it is now most significant in explaining modern politics and it is easy to accept that there is indeed a†¦show more content†¦There are also different levels of analysis when it comes to the democratic peace theory. On one hand the there is a ‘dyadic’ which refers to democratic states have good and peaceful relations with other democratic states while the opposite is true of their relations with non-democratic states. Secondly there is a ‘monadic’ way of analyzing the democratic peace theory. In this case, democracies are peaceful states overall and will only go into conflict with democratic or undemocratic states when threatened or under attack. Immanuel Kant’s work is often said to be the starting point of the democratic peace theory. In his essays, he proposes his peace plan by listing out six preliminary articles which he argued were steps that had to be taken immediately. He also listed three definitive articles which included that the civil constitution of every state should be republican, that the law of nations shall be founded on a federation of free states and lastly that the law of world citizenship shall be limited to conditions of universal hospitality, upon these, the foundation of peace could be built. Although Immanuel Kant never mentioned ‘democracy’ per say, his ideas were very similar to ideas that pertain to democracy. He referred to republican states which were to be representative governments and where there was a separation of powers. An issue thatShow MoreRelatedEssay about The concept of the Democratic Peace Theory1763 Words   |  8 Pages Democratic Peace Theory The concept of the Democratic Peace Theory is based on the idea that whether states are likely to go to war or choose peace depends on the type of political system they have. There are three sub divisions 1) Monadic; Democracies that tend to be generally peaceful and are not likely to go to war, although people (can you identify people) who argue this only examine the years 1960-1970. 2) Dyadic; This version is the most accepted amongst theorists, very peaceful among oneRead MoreDemocratic Peace Theory1319 Words   |  6 Pagesto pick and choose their friends and enemies. Preventing conflict between two democracies or countries that practice democracy is called Democratic Peace Theory. However, research has begun to show that Democratic Peace Theory is ineffective and needs to be brought to an end as a model for how international relations are formed or destroyed. Democratic Peace Theory needs to be abolished as a support for forming foreign policy between democracies because of the burden placed on both parties to comeRead MoreThe Theory Of Democratic Peace2860 Words   |  12 PagesThe Theory of Democratic Peace has been a topic of much debate over the years. Why is this? There are many opinions on this theory and many questions are raised when speaking about it. The argument that I pose is, is there such a thing as democratic peace? In order to address my arg ument and in order to critically analyse Democratic Peace Theory, this piece of academic writing will look at a variety of causes that some theorists’ state are behind the Democratic Peace Theory and will look at the differentRead MoreDemocratic Peace Theory2212 Words   |  9 PagesThe democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic peace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggestedRead MoreTheory of Democratic Peace2965 Words   |  12 PagesPolitical Science 23 April 2013 Final Paper Theory of Democratic Peace The idea of democratic peace was brought up in the enlightened era. The theory of democratic peace was based off of Immanuel Kant’s â€Å"Perpetual Peace.† The theory of democratic peace argues that nation-states governed by democratic regimes do not tend to have conflicts with other countries that would lead to wars. With this theory, it shows that nation-states with a democratic rule are more likely to not go to war with otherRead MorePeace Among States: The Democratic Peace Theory Essay525 Words   |  3 Pagesknown to contribute to peace among states are very controversial. Some of the well-known factors to affect how peaceful states are with one another is the type of regime a state is under and whether they are in possession of nuclear weapons, ironically. According to the democratic peace theory, â€Å"democracies rarely, if ever, enter into war against each other† (Chan, 59). They are more likely to wage war with non-democratic states such as communi st states, rather than a democratic one. Therefore thisRead MoreEssay about Democratic Peace Theory3056 Words   |  13 Pageswritings of Immanuel Kant over two hundred years ago in essay ‘On Perpetual Peace’, however, only in the early 1980s and with the writings of Michael Doyle was the idea consolidated. According to Doyle and other advocates of the democratic peace theory, liberal democratic states have been able to maintain peaceful relations amongst themselves, but are prone to wage war against non-democratic regimes. In order to prove this theory, vast databases have been constructed of historical dyadic relationshipsRead MoreThe Struggle Of Democratic Peace796 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough countries in South America are not democratic for most of the last century, it has the fewest inter-state wars there, which can be explained by geopolitics with balance-of-power, the trade-off between benefits and costs, and relations among countries in this area. According to the theory of Democratic Peace, since democratic leaders have a larger wining coalitions, in order to keep in office, they need to gain support from selectorate, and â€Å"democratic leaders facing with war are more inclinedRead MoreNot So Unlikely : Total World Peace1071 Words   |  5 PagesNot so Unlikely Total world peace may not be such a radical expectation for the next century s generations. A world filled with cooperation and progressivism from all individuals is arguably just around the corner as humans approach such a strange and peaceful times. As history unfolds there is a substantial drop in the trendiness of wanting to kill one another for resources, political differences and proving a point; which can all also be attributed to the increase in population in relation theRead MoreCriticisms Of Kant s Perpetual Peace1304 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant outlines a number of articles that he hypothesises could lead towards a perpetual peace. There are many criticisms of Kant’s perpetual peace, many argue that it is to idealistic and utopian. However, Kant doesn’t deny these claims. Instead Kant argues that if this ‘perpetual peace’ is even a remote possibility then for the good of mankind, we have a duty to try make it a reality. For perpetual peace to be worth pursuing, it needs to be remotely possible. In order for it to be possible it

Comparing Ideas and Images in Four Metaphysical Love Poems...

Comparing Ideas and Images in Four Metaphysical Love Poems â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"The Fair Singer†, â€Å"Picture of Little T.C. in a Prospect of Flowers† by Andrew Marvell and â€Å"Sun Rising† by John Donne are all seventeenth century metaphysical love poems. They all contain similar styles and images in which they portray the messages they intend to get across, which give an insight into certain opinions and feelings of men towards women in that era. All these poems talk about the beauty of the woman they are describing. In â€Å"The Fair Singer† he talks about â€Å"both beauties†, her appearance and her voice. He says â€Å"her voice my heart might bind† and â€Å"her voice might captivate my mind† making it seem as†¦show more content†¦The 1600’s were a time when life expectancy was short. Lack of medical knowledge and plague caused many to die young. In â€Å"His Coy Mistress† this is the most prominent theme, as it is the narrator’s argument for the woman to sleep with him, because you never know how long you have left to live. He fanaticises that time does not exist and they have eternity to be together. â€Å"An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes†¦an age at least to every part,† but he knows he does not have this time, and so must get on with things. He also talks of â€Å"time’s winged chariot hurrying near;† showing that he is afraid of not making the most of his time on earth before he dies. Little T.C. also shows the narrator’s fear of the children dying young. He wishes â€Å"That violets may a longer age endure† and that T.C. can live to become the woman he imagines â€Å"spare the buds Lest Flora angry at thy crime†¦Nip in the blossom all our hopes and thee.† In â€Å"The Sun Rising†, Donne blames the sun for keeping time, and wishes that lovers did not only have the limited time of life. â€Å"Must to thy motions lover’s seasons run?† This preoccupation with time causes many of the poems to use comparisons with the sun, which, in a way, creates time. In â€Å"His Coy Mistress†, he talks of â€Å"Time’s winged chariot drawing near†. In Greek mythology, Helios drove a winged chariotShow MoreRelated Song - What views about women are expressed in this poem? Essay examples992 Words   |  4 PagesSong - What views about women are expressed in this poem? John Donne: Song A) What views about women are expressed in this poem? John Donne’s poems all express very different views about women. This poem expresses a very negative view of women, in particular that nowhere ‘lives a woman true, and fair’ – a beautiful, virtuous woman is impossible to find, and even if you did, by the time that Donne had reached her, she would have adulterated two, or maybe three other men. He believesRead MoreComparing And Contrasting Two Sonnets1141 Words   |  5 Pages Comparing and Contrasting Two Sonnets ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare and ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† by Edna St. Vincent Millay are both sonnets that discuss companionship and a glimpse of each poet’s experiences. In ‘Sonnet 116’, Shakespeare illustrates how capability is weakened by its metaphysical stereotype and ideals such as, love, while on the contrary, in ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† Millay feeds on the chaos between the idealRead MoreComparison Of Claude Donne And Claude Mckay And If We Must Die1769 Words   |  8 Pagesimpact? Death is a part of life yet many people are afraid of it and are not ready for it when their time comes. The poems that I chose that impacted me is â€Å"If We Must Die† by Claude McKay and â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† By John Donne. These poems impacted me because I thought it was interesting the difference in the thought process about a subject that imposs ible to escape. These two poems are talking about experiencing death and when it does come that it isn’t something to be scared of but to be embracedRead MoreCritical Essay on How Do I Love Thee?3017 Words   |  13 PagesFinal Critical Essay What is love? Love knows no reasons. Love knows no lies. Love defies all reasons. Love has no eyes. Love is not blind; it sees but it doesnt mind. Love knows not its own depth until the hour of separation. Love is so easy to feel, so hard to explain; easy to get, so hard to let go; easy to spell, so hard to define. Love is an emotion that consists of three components; intimacy, passion and commitment, it is an emotional and physical feeling which takes over your wholeRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats6975 Words   |  28 Pagesof overwhelming beauty and aesthetic pleasure. While Wordsworth and Coleridge often write about nature in itself, Shelley tends to invoke nature as a sort of supreme metaphor for beauty, creativity, and expression. This means that most of Shelleys poems about art rely on metaphors of nature as their means of expression: the West Wind in Ode to the West Wind becomes a symbol of the poetic faculty spreading Shelleys words like l eaves among mankind, and the skylark in To a Skylark becomes a symbolRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesChallenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constitutingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesskills are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someones point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply conscious quality control as you think, and resist propaganda. Your most important critical thinking skill is your skill at making judgments─not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning.

Literature As A Revolutionary Tool For American Free Essays

In tandem with literacy, literature has become one of the leading vehicles for social criticism in American history. It amplifies the author’s voice, reverberating it throughout the nation, molding the history of America by changing the opinions of the people on certain issues. It can induce cries of hope and merriment, like John Winthrop’s sermon A Model of Christian Charity, which speaks about the optimistic prospect of America as the â€Å"City upon a Hill† (Winthrop, 84). We will write a custom essay sample on Literature As A Revolutionary Tool For American or any similar topic only for you Order Now But it can also elicit the noticeable cries viciously pointing out the ignored flaws embedded in this â€Å"more perfect union† (U. S. Const. Preamble)†the existence of slavery, racism, ethnocentrism and the absence of gender equality. While reading this textbook, it is important to keep in mind the question of intention†why a certain piece of literature was written and why during that particular time period and not another. In any case, major movements in American literature leading up to the 19th Century are not arbitrary or random; they are all interrelated by a cause and effect, wherein one movement inspires the critical response of another. The arrival of the Puritans in the sixteenth century brought religious literature into the New World, more specifically ermons such as John Winthrop’s A Model of Christian Charity, which grounded the principles required for this infant colony to become the â€Å"City Upon A Hill† (Winthrop, 84). Winthrop’s sermon was an implicated work of criticism towards the European structure of society, where social class and bloodline would inherently determine a person’s fate in life. Winthrop modeled prospective America according to everything the Old World was not†it would be a country where the â€Å"riche and mighty should not eate up the poore, nor the poore,† (81) where the people â€Å"must love one another with a pure hearte fervently†¦ eare one another burthens†¦ [and] not looke only on [their] owne things, but also on the things of [their] brethren† (83). This model appealed to the serfs and peasants of Europe because it promoted equality, a concept not unfamiliar but unattainable to the people belonging to the Old World. Although inequality established by the Old World caste system would later be abolished in the New World, gender inequality still remained to be a prevalent form of inequality amongst the people†notice that Winthrop calls out for equality among the â€Å"brethren† (83) and not â€Å"sistren,† which is the female equivalent of it. Over two centuries later, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter would be published in 1850, criticizing the gender inequality within the glorified Puritan â€Å"Model of Christian Charity. Hawthorne points out this flaw by having Hester Prynne, the woman, repent for her sins by public shame and ostracization whereas Dimmesdale, the man, can successfully conceal his sins, albeit it at a great cost in the end. This disparity between the experiences of the opposite sex point out the imperfections within Puritan society as well as society in the 19th century. On the topic of inequality, ccompanied by women were black slaves who rece ived the shortest end of the stick of equality. Following the American Independence in 1774, early 19th century American literature mainly comprised of political documents such as The Declaration ot Independence ot 1776, which was written witn the intention to â€Å"petition tor redress† (US, 1776), which in this case would be independence from the British Crown. The document itself is a social critique on the monarchial system of the British Empire. By listing the â€Å"history of repeated injuries and usurpation† (US, 1776)) inflicted upon the American Colonies, the drafters of The Declaration of Independence are explicitly condemning the tyrannical Imperial System that dominated Europe and the Kingdom of Great Britain throughout history. Almost a century later, the emergence of abolitionist sponsored slave narratives in the 19th century allowed for the direct critique of America’s hypocritical claim that the British Crown†the â€Å"Tyrant†Ã¢â‚¬ was unfit to be the ruler of the â€Å"free people† which†later emphasized†excluded the black community. While the fourth of July is often associated with the Joyful celebration of independence, in the perspective of prominent African-American abolitionist Fredrick Douglass, the fourth of July is eferred to as the particular day â€Å"that reveals to [the Negro]†¦ the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim [of]† (Douglass, The Fourth of July). The â€Å"Fourth of July is yours [the white citizens], not mine [the blacks]† Douglass said in his 1852 speech â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth to the Negro. His statement summarizes the fact that the basic rights the whites were born with were not considered as rights or even privileges for the blacks†free or enslaved. Fast-forward to post civil war in 1983; Mark Twain publishes Pudd’nhead Wilson, a tragic comedy criticizing the lack of ights given to slaves. In the conclusion, the creditors of the Driscoll estate claim fake Tom as their â€Å"lawful property’ (Twain, 122). This re ference to â€Å"property’ can be viewed as criticism towards the Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. Stanford in 1857, where Judge Taney ruled Scott, the slave, as property and therefore cannot be freed, despite setting foot on a free state, because it would be depriving a person of property without due process or Just compensation which violates the 5th Amendment. The comic tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson, then, serves as a critical pprobrium directed upon the inequitable ways in which the slaves were treated. The philosophical movement known as transcendentalism began its short, but impactful lifespan during the 1820s and 1830s. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are among the renowned icons of the transcendentalist movement. The transcendentalist movement began as criticism towards society and its institutions†particularly organized religion and political parties. Influenced by Romanticism, the transcendentalists respected the individual spirit and the natural world, believing that divinity was present in nature and each person. In his essay Self-Reliance, Emerson compares an institution to the â€Å"lengthened shadow of one man† (Emerson, 26). Self-Reliance circles itself around the idea of Individualism where â€Å"imitation is suicide† (20), so this comparison suggests that organizations teach principles based on the ideas of a single person, forcing everyone else to conform to the ideas of a man other than themselves†a concept condemned by transcendentalists. Transcendentalism also included the core belief that all men were inherently good†a belief that would later breed a completely different generation of writers. Herman Melville was among the writers who advocated ealism, the antithesis of all things romantic or transcendental. His novella Bartleby tells the story of a scrivener named Bartleby. Like Thoreau, Bartleby is a passive resistor. However, while Thoreau argues that his act ot passive resistance trees him, Bartlebys passivity provokes the narrator to confront him, and ultimately, his refusal to accept authority results in his self-inflicted death. Furthermore, although Thoreau considers solitude as his most â€Å"companionable† (Thoreau, 88) companion, Bartlebys loneness was the cause for his boss’ comment on his â€Å"incurably forlorn† (Melville, 9) ppearance. The key difference between transcendentalism and realism isn’t very far fetched†one is optimistic while the other is realistically grim†while Thoreau’s passive resistance liberates him and allows him to fully express himself, Bartleby’s passive resistance only affirms the authority and control that society has over him. Although the motives for social criticism may vary over the decades, the overall purpose of literature is to act as a vessel for social criticism in order to spark movements†for better or worse† in an otherwise monotonous society. How to cite Literature As A Revolutionary Tool For American, Essays